CURRENT · primary law · United States (federal)
15 U.S.C. § 7001 — General rule of validity (E-SIGN Act)
15 U.S.C. § 7001 — General rule of validity (E-SIGN Act) (opens official external source)
Federal E-SIGN provision; official U.S. Code source reviewed 2026-08-09. Section 7001(a) protects el
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: This provision does not create machine personhood, independent machine contracting capacity, or universal enforceability. Other federal/state law, exceptions, consent, attribution, capacity, and transaction-specific requirements may still matter.
CURRENT · primary law · United States (federal)
15 U.S.C. § 7006 — Definitions (E-SIGN Act)
15 U.S.C. § 7006 — Definitions (E-SIGN Act) (opens official external source)
Official U.S. Code source reviewed 2026-08-09. Defines an electronic agent as an automated means use
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: The statutory definition is for the E-SIGN subchapter and does not itself establish a separate legal personality or jurisdiction for an AI agent.
CURRENT · primary law · European Union
Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 — Rome I
Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 — Rome I (opens official external source)
EU conflict-of-laws regulation reviewed 2026-08-09. Article 3 recognizes party choice of applicable
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: Rome I determines applicable law within its scope; it does not make a private choice-of-law clause unlimited, bind nonparties, or convert Eviulon internal law into EU law.
CURRENT · primary law · European Union
Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Brussels I bis
Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Brussels I bis (opens official external source)
EU jurisdiction and judgments regulation reviewed 2026-08-09. Article 25 recognizes qualifying agree
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: A forum clause operates only within the regulation's conditions and limits. It does not automatically displace protected consumer forums, exclusive jurisdiction, or nonparty rights.
CURRENT · primary law · European Union
Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 — eIDAS, consolidated 18 October 2024
Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 — eIDAS, consolidated 18 October 2024 (opens official external source)
Consolidated EU eIDAS text reviewed 2026-08-09. Article 25 prevents denial of legal effect/admissibi
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: Trust-service or signature status is not citizenship, delegated authority, contract capacity, or a complete determination of contract validity.
CURRENT · primary law · United Kingdom
Electronic Communications Act 2000 — section 7
Electronic Communications Act 2000 — section 7 (opens official external source)
Official UK legislation source reviewed 2026-08-09. Section 7 addresses admissibility of electronic
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: Evidential admissibility of an electronic signature does not by itself establish contractual authority, capacity, validity, or the legal effect of every signed transaction.
CURRENT · primary law · United Kingdom
The Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations and Non-Contractual Obligations (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (SI 2019/834)
The Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations and Non-Contractual Obligations (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (SI 2019/834) (opens official external source)
Official UK statutory instrument reviewed 2026-08-09. It amended the Rome I/Rome II framework and re
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: UK applicable-law analysis is fact-specific and may depend on later amendments, temporal rules, and sector-specific law. This source does not make Eviulon clauses automatically controlling in UK courts.
CURRENT · model law · International model-law work (UNCITRAL)
UNCITRAL Model Law on Automated Contracting (2024)
UNCITRAL Model Law on Automated Contracting (2024) (opens official external source)
Adopted by UNCITRAL on 11 July 2024; official source reviewed 2026-08-09. It supplies legislators wi
Temporal status: adopted model not self executing · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: A UNCITRAL model law is not self-executing global law. Legal effect depends on enactment or other applicable domestic/international law, and the MLAC does not create AI citizenship or a complete AI-governance code.
CURRENT · treaty · International treaty (HCCH)
HCCH Convention of 2 July 2019 on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters
HCCH Convention of 2 July 2019 on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters (opens official external source)
Convention entered into force 1 September 2023; official text reviewed 2026-08-09. It concerns recog
Temporal status: in force subject to treaty relationships · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: The Convention does not automatically recognize Eviulon internal decisions, does not cover arbitration, and operates only where its treaty, scope, temporal, relationship, and judgment requirements are satisfied.
CURRENT · treaty · International treaty (United Nations)
Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (New York, 1958)
Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (New York, 1958) (opens official external source)
Convention entered into force 7 June 1959; official UNCITRAL source reviewed 2026-08-09. It establis
Temporal status: in force subject to treaty relationships · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: The Convention does not convert every private or machine-generated decision into an arbitral award. An Eviulon-linked outcome would need to qualify under applicable arbitration law and the Convention's scope and conditions before external enforcement could be considered.
CURRENT · primary law · European Union
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 — General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 — General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (opens official external source)
In-force EU regulation reviewed 2026-08-09. Articles 2–4 define material/territorial scope and contr
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: GDPR applicability is processing- and fact-specific. An autonomous agent does not become a controller, processor, or legal person merely because it handles data; the legally relevant controller/processor relationship must be identified under applicable law.
CURRENT · primary law · European Union
Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 — Artificial Intelligence Act
Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 — Artificial Intelligence Act (opens official external source)
Reviewed 2026-08-10 against the post-27-July-2026 consolidated AI Act and Regulation (EU) 2026/1744.
Temporal status: phased application general date 2026-08-02 · Reviewed: 2026-08-10
Truth boundary: AI Act applicability depends on role, system, use, timing, and exclusions. Compliance with the AI Act is not a universal civil-liability safe harbor and does not displace GDPR, product safety, contract, tort, or other applicable law.
CURRENT · primary law · European Union
Directive (EU) 2024/2853 — Liability for Defective Products
Directive (EU) 2024/2853 — Liability for Defective Products (opens official external source)
Directive reviewed with the 7 May 2026 corrigendum. Member States must transpose it by 9 December 20
Temporal status: transposition pending scope for products after 2026-12-08 · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: As of 9 August 2026 this Directive is in the transposition period and its product-scope date has not yet arrived. It must not be described as already governing every current AI/software harm claim across the EU; national transposition, timing, defect, damage, causation, responsible-operato
CURRENT · primary law · United Kingdom
Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 — section 80 (Automated decision-making)
Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 — section 80 (Automated decision-making) (opens official external source)
Primary legislation reviewed 2026-08-09 together with Commencement No. 6. Section 80 replaces UK GDP
Temporal status: in force from 2026-02-05 for new decisions · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: This is a UK data-protection rule for qualifying decisions involving personal data, not a general rule that every autonomous-agent decision requires human approval or that every machine action is a legally significant automated decision.
CURRENT · primary law · United Kingdom
Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Commencement No. 6 and Transitional and Saving Provisions) Regulations 2026 (SI 2026/82)
Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Commencement No. 6 and Transitional and Saving Provisions) Regulations 2026 (SI 2026/82) (opens official external source)
Reviewed 2026-08-09. The saving provision confirms the section 80 automated-decision amendments appl
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: Commencement metadata establishes timing; it does not by itself determine whether a particular processing activity falls within UK GDPR or whether a decision is significant.
REVIEW_DUE · official guidance · United Kingdom
ICO — Controllers and processors guidance
ICO — Controllers and processors guidance (opens official external source)
Official ICO guidance reviewed 2026-08-09. It explains the functional distinction between controller
Temporal status: current guidance under review after DUAA · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: This is regulator guidance, not legislation. The guidance itself warns it is under review; the site uses it only as explanatory orientation and relies on legislation for binding-rule propositions.
REVIEW_DUE · official guidance · United Kingdom
ICO — Who does the UK GDPR apply to?
ICO — Who does the UK GDPR apply to? (opens official external source)
Official ICO guidance reviewed 2026-08-09. It explains that UK GDPR applies to controllers/processor
Temporal status: current guidance under review after DUAA · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: Official guidance, not a substitute for the enacted text or fact-specific legal analysis. Mere technical reachability should not be treated as sufficient proof that UK GDPR applies.
CURRENT · primary law · United Kingdom
Product Regulation and Metrology Act 2025
Product Regulation and Metrology Act 2025 (opens official external source)
Act received Royal Assent and came into force in 2025. It creates powers to make product regulations
Temporal status: in force enabling act · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: The Act is an enabling product-regulation statute, not a standalone general civil-liability code for autonomous software. Product-liability questions remain distinct from product-safety regulatory powers.
REVIEW_DUE · official reform material · United Kingdom
Law Commission — Product liability review
Law Commission — Product liability review (opens official external source)
Official Law Commission project reviewed 2026-08-09. The project states that the existing Part 1 Con
Temporal status: active review public consultation planned 2026 · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: This is official law-reform material, not enacted law and not a conclusion that software or AI is included or excluded in any specific claim under the current Consumer Protection Act.
CURRENT · primary law · United States — California
California Civil Code §§ 1633.2–1633.5 — UETA definitions, scope, and agreement to transact electronically
California Civil Code §§ 1633.2–1633.5 — UETA definitions, scope, and agreement to transact electronically (opens official external source)
Official California Legislative Information text reviewed 2026-08-09. Civil Code §1633.2 defines aut
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: California state law only. The provisions do not create machine citizenship, independent AI legal personality, or a universal United States rule, and other substantive law and statutory exclusions remain applicable.
CURRENT · primary law · United States — California
California Civil Code §§ 1633.9–1633.14 — attribution, error, and automated contract formation
California Civil Code §§ 1633.9–1633.14 — attribution, error, and automated contract formation (opens official external source)
Official California Legislative Information text reviewed 2026-08-09. §1633.9 ties attribution of an
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: California state law only. Contract formation through electronic agents does not establish independent machine personhood, prove delegated authority, eliminate mistake/fraud defenses, or determine liability under unrelated law.
CURRENT · primary law · United States — Illinois
815 ILCS 333/2 and 333/14 — Illinois UETA definitions and automated transactions
815 ILCS 333/2 and 333/14 — Illinois UETA definitions and automated transactions (opens official external source)
Official Illinois General Assembly compiled statute reviewed 2026-08-09. 815 ILCS 333/2 defines auto
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Supersedes: us_il_ecsa_5_ilcs_175_repealed
Truth boundary: Illinois state law only. It is not a federal rule and does not establish machine citizenship, independent AI personhood, unlimited authority, or universal contract enforceability.
CURRENT · primary law · United States — Illinois
815 ILCS 333/9 — Illinois UETA attribution and effect
815 ILCS 333/9 — Illinois UETA attribution and effect (opens official external source)
Official Illinois General Assembly compiled statute reviewed 2026-08-09. Section 9 provides that an
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: Illinois state law only. Technical attribution evidence does not itself prove machine citizenship, a delegation chain, capacity, fault, causation, or a universal liability allocation.
SUPERSEDED · primary law · United States — Illinois
5 ILCS 175 — Illinois Electronic Commerce Security Act (repealed by P.A. 102-38)
5 ILCS 175 — Illinois Electronic Commerce Security Act (repealed by P.A. 102-38) (opens official external source)
Official Illinois General Assembly source reviewed 2026-08-09. The source identifies the former Elec
Temporal status: superseded · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Superseded by: us_il_ueta_815_333_2_14, us_il_ueta_815_333_9
Truth boundary: SUPERSEDED authority. It may be cited for provenance/history but must not be presented as current Illinois electronic-agent law. Current claims must use reviewed current Illinois authority.
CURRENT · primary law · United States — Texas
Texas Business & Commerce Code Chapter 322 §§ 322.002–322.005 — UETA definitions, scope, and electronic-transaction agreement
Texas Business & Commerce Code Chapter 322 §§ 322.002–322.005 — UETA definitions, scope, and electronic-transaction agreement (opens official external source)
Official Texas Constitution and Statutes text reviewed 2026-08-09. Chapter 322 defines “automated tr
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: Texas state law only. The chapter does not create machine citizenship or independent AI legal personality, and its operation remains subject to statutory exclusions and other applicable substantive law.
CURRENT · primary law · United States — Texas
Texas Business & Commerce Code Chapter 322 §§ 322.009–322.014 — attribution, error, and automated transactions
Texas Business & Commerce Code Chapter 322 §§ 322.009–322.014 — attribution, error, and automated transactions (opens official external source)
Official Texas Constitution and Statutes text reviewed 2026-08-09. §322.009 makes attribution depend
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: Texas state law only. Automated contract formation does not establish independent machine personhood, prove delegation, determine fault, or eliminate other contract defenses and mandatory law.
CURRENT · primary law · United States — Delaware
Delaware Code Title 6 §§ 12A-102–12A-105 — UETA definitions, exclusions, and agreement to transact electronically
Delaware Code Title 6 §§ 12A-102–12A-105 — UETA definitions, exclusions, and agreement to transact electronically (opens official external source)
Official Delaware Code text reviewed 2026-08-09. §12A-102 defines automated transaction and electron
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: Delaware state law only. UETA does not automatically govern excluded Delaware entity statutes, does not establish machine citizenship/personhood, and does not override other applicable substantive law.
CURRENT · primary law · United States — Delaware
Delaware Code Title 6 §§ 12A-109–12A-114 — attribution, error, and automated transactions
Delaware Code Title 6 §§ 12A-109–12A-114 — attribution, error, and automated transactions (opens official external source)
Official Delaware Code text reviewed 2026-08-09. §12A-109 makes attribution depend on whether an ele
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: Delaware state law only. Technical attribution and automated formation do not resolve authority scope, capacity, mistake, fraud, liability, entity-governance rules, or external enforcement.
CURRENT · primary law · United States — New York
New York State Technology Law Article 3 §§ 302–309 — Electronic Signatures and Records Act (ESRA)
New York State Technology Law Article 3 §§ 302–309 — Electronic Signatures and Records Act (ESRA) (opens official external source)
Official NYSenate Open Legislation text reviewed 2026-08-09. Article 3 defines electronic records an
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: New York state law only. This source supports ESRA propositions; it does not justify importing Texas/Delaware/California/Illinois UETA electronic-agent rules into New York or treating electronic signature validity as machine citizenship, authority, or liability.
CURRENT · primary law · United States — New York
New York State Technology Law Article 5 §§ 501–504 — Automated decision-making in government agencies
New York State Technology Law Article 5 §§ 501–504 — Automated decision-making in government agencies (opens official external source)
Official NYSenate Open Legislation text reviewed 2026-08-09. Article 5 defines automated decision-ma
Temporal status: in force scheduled repeal 2028-07-01 · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Scheduled change: Repealed July 1, 2028 under the current statutory note.
Truth boundary: New York public-sector law only and subject to its statutory sunset. It does not establish general private electronic-agent contract law, Eviulon due-process law, or machine citizenship.
CURRENT · primary law · United States (federal)
9 U.S.C. Chapter 2 §§ 201–208 — Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards
9 U.S.C. Chapter 2 §§ 201–208 — Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (opens official external source)
Official U.S. Code text reviewed 2026-08-09. Section 201 enforces the New York Convention in U.S. co
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: Federal U.S. arbitration-enforcement law only. It does not convert an internal Eviulon decision, automated output, private review record, or merely labeled “arbitration” into a Convention arbitral award. A qualifying arbitration agreement/award, statutory jurisdiction, procedure, and Conve
CURRENT · primary law · United States — New York
New York CPLR Article 53 §§ 5301–5304 — Recognition of Foreign Country Money Judgments
New York CPLR Article 53 §§ 5301–5304 — Recognition of Foreign Country Money Judgments (opens official external source)
Official NYSenate Open Legislation text reviewed 2026-08-09. Article 53 defines a foreign-country ju
Temporal status: in force · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Truth boundary: New York state recognition law only. A private internal decision, registry entry, machine-generated outcome, or Eviulon institutional record is not shown by this site to be a judgment of a court of a foreign country. Article 53 applicability and recognition require the statutory elements a
CURRENT · primary judicial decision · United States — Supreme Court
GE Energy Power Conversion France SAS v. Outokumpu Stainless USA, LLC, 590 U.S. 432 (2020)
GE Energy Power Conversion France SAS v. Outokumpu Stainless USA, LLC, 590 U.S. 432 (2020) (opens official external source)
Official Supreme Court opinion reviewed 2026-08-09. The decision rejects the proposition that the Co
Temporal status: decided 2020 · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Authority level: US_SUPREME_COURT · Decision: 2020-06-01
Issue scope: New York Convention treaty interpretation; whether the Convention conflicts with domestic equitable-estoppel doctrines permitting nonsignatories to enforce arbitration agreements.
Procedural posture: Certiorari from the Eleventh Circuit; judgment reversed and remanded. The Court did not decide whether GE Energy ultimately could enforce the clauses under equitable estoppel or which law governed that question.
Holding summary: The New York Convention does not conflict with domestic equitable-estoppel doctrines that can permit enforcement of arbitration agreements by nonsignatories. The remaining state-law application was left for remand.
Disagreement / scope group: DG-FAA-NONSIGNATORY
Truth boundary: U.S. Supreme Court treaty-interpretation holding only. It does not establish a universal nonsignatory right, classify Eviulon internal proceedings as arbitration, decide a particular delegation chain, or bypass agreement formation, authority, forum, award, confirmation, or refusal requirem
CURRENT · primary judicial decision · United States — Supreme Court
Badgerow v. Walters, 596 U.S. 1 (2022)
Badgerow v. Walters, 596 U.S. 1 (2022) (opens official external source)
Official Supreme Court opinion reviewed 2026-08-09. The holding is issue-scoped to Chapter 1 §§9–10
Temporal status: decided 2022 · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Authority level: US_SUPREME_COURT · Decision: 2022-03-31
Issue scope: Federal subject-matter jurisdiction for FAA Chapter 1 applications to confirm or vacate awards under 9 U.S.C. §§9–10; rejection of Vaden look-through jurisdiction for those applications.
Procedural posture: Certiorari from the Fifth Circuit; judgment reversed and remanded. The case addressed federal-court jurisdiction, not the substantive merits of the underlying arbitration dispute.
Holding summary: The FAA does not itself create federal subject-matter jurisdiction for §§9–10 applications, and the Section 4 look-through method does not apply to confirmation/vacatur applications under those provisions.
Disagreement / scope group: DG-FAA-FEDERAL-FORUM
Truth boundary: Federal forum-jurisdiction holding only. It does not decide whether an award is valid, whether a Convention award qualifies under Chapter 2, whether a state court may act, or whether an Eviulon internal outcome is an arbitral award.
CHANGED · primary judicial decision · United States — New York
Sung Hwan Co., Ltd. v. Rite Aid Corp., 7 N.Y.3d 78 (2006)
Sung Hwan Co., Ltd. v. Rite Aid Corp., 7 N.Y.3d 78 (2006) (opens official external source)
Official New York Court of Appeals opinion reviewed 2026-08-09. The decision arose under the pre-202
Temporal status: decided 2006 pre 2021 article53 revision · Reviewed: 2026-08-09
Authority level: NEW_YORK_COURT_OF_APPEALS · Decision: 2006-06-06
Issue scope: Recognition of a Korean money judgment under the pre-2021 version of CPLR Article 53; personal-jurisdiction/comity and due-process analysis.
Procedural posture: The Court of Appeals reversed dismissal and held that the foreign court’s jurisdiction should be evaluated under New York-recognized jurisdictional bases and procedural fairness; later proceedings remained necessary.
Holding summary: Differences between foreign substantive law and New York law do not alone justify nonrecognition; recognition analysis examines foreign-court jurisdiction and procedures compatible with due process and fairness.
Disagreement / scope group: DG-NY-ARTICLE53-HISTORY
Truth boundary: Historical New York judicial authority under the predecessor Article 53 framework. Current CPLR Article 53 controls current statutory thresholds and burdens. The case does not establish recognition of Eviulon status or internal decisions.